Essay --

Global WarmingGlobal warming has become on of the most controversial issues in the media today. While most of the Western reality countries have generally accepted the premise that mans chemical emissions in the atmosphere can and are affected by the worlds climate patterns, in the United States, the issue has become so politicized with many re humankindans challenging the science behind the theory. Global warming is a greenhouse effect whereby gases are confine on the earths surface causing it to heat up (Maslin 14). It is based on the worldwide temperature records that have been maintained by human beings through with(predicate) their activities since the 1880,s. In addition, global warming is non only caused by human activities only but also through climate changes in solar radiance. The difficulty is that, humans continue to contribute to the global warming phenomenon. All citizens should work in reducing human activities that cause global warming and also verify the devel opment of nuclear power. Scientists deem that, global warming is mainly caused by human activities which accelerate the natural process by creating greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. mankind activities have become a great contribution to the greenhouse effect and this means that climate changes are inevitable. They further argue that, if these activities continue and are not reduced, it will lead to more trapping of energy radiated from the earth and this will likely lead to extreme brave out and global warming. Global warming should be at reduced levels or else, it will be catastrophic.Climatologists are scientist who study climate. The global warming debate has created tension between climate scientist and meteorologists especially weather forecasters on television. Climatolo... ...tarts producing more heat than the cooling system is able to cool, the entire power system can fail.Media coverage of such cases have made the public less comfortable with the idea of moving further towards nuclear power and they only opt for reducing human activities to reduce global warming. It is true that at that place have been some notable disasters involving nuclear power, but compared to other power systems, nuclear power has an impressive track record. First, it is less harmful and second, it will be able to cater for the growing world population. Nuclear power produces clean energy and it delivers it at a cost that is competitive in the energy commercialize (Patterson). According to the US Energy Information Administration, there are currently 65 such plants in the Unite States (National Research Council). They produce 19 share of the total US energy generation.

Technology taking over Parenting Essay -- essays research papers

Technology in the world today is decorous more advanced than forever. Parenting is cosmos made easier and harder for some families because of the new technology. Some families do not have the m championy for the new additions to the technological world and other families have everything they have ever imagined. Amitai Etzioni is a professor at George Washington University. He has written nineteen books including the obligate High-Tech Parenting. It appeared in The American Enterprise in January of 1998. Etzioni writes on how a relationship between parent and child is becoming nothing more than a virtual relationship. Time usually spent together at planetary house over a homemade dinner is now time spent on the cell phone. I feel that the technology world is coming up with many new features for the parents to make it easier for them. Parents are being given the advantage of blankets to put their children to sleep instead of them having to do it themselves. The parenting world is getting easier. Too brisk parents count on beepers and cell phones to keep their children in reach. Instead of the kids counting on the random talks on the way to the movies, mall, or during a enormous walk on the beach, they now count on a ring or an upbeat tune to let them know its time to talk. This beep-and-ring relation is what is becoming of the families today. This information is very true and Etzioni makes a good point. These parents do not have time for their kids and they use electronics and other devices to talk to them. All families have disparate morals and the way they teach their kids to do certain things. Etzioni implies there is only one way to do that, cell phones. The readers are most likely to oblige with this statement which then leads them to believe eve... ...er families will not punish their kids, no matter what the circumstance is. They were never taught to punish so their kids are that way too. This is when the kids check up on turning off the TV or doing their homework until the last minute. In Conclusion, Etzioni is talking only to the business people of the world and not the everyday mom with four kids in the van. He does not take note that all families are different and that not all families have the same morals. He is one sided and exaggerates on the situation. He may not have grown up in a family where mom or dad was at home and his childishness is what he thinks everyones is like. Cell phones conversations are replacing the traditional one on one time with daughter and mother, son and father, etc. Etzionis article has very good points made in it. It also has points that could be changed to fit the average lifestyle.

Federal Preemption of Class III Medical Devices Receiving Premarket App

Federal Preemption of Class III Medical Devices receiving premarket cheeringCase in ReviewCourt rulings earn held that the preemption clause included in the Medical devices act of 1976 protects company III medical devices which have been approved through the Food and Drug governances (FDA) premarket approval process (PMA) from litigation. Injured parties have no means to seek relief from device manufacturers for injuries sustained due to the use of a class III medical device receiving PMA. Overview of the FDA and Medical devices act of 1976 Congress created the Food and Drug Administration in 1938 under a statute known as the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. Under the 1938 act, the FDA could not prevent medical devices from entering the market but they could remove unsafe devices from the marketplace. The FDA believed that those same powers given to dominion of drugs should be extended to medical devices to ensure public safety. The Medical devices act of 1976 granted o versight and approval of medical devices to the FDA as a logical telephone extension of duties already provided under previous legislation. The act provided for three classes of medical devices, aims I, II and III. Devices classified under level III were given the most rigorous level of testing and review due to the fact that these devices could produce the greatest level of harm. Level III devices are the only class of devices that are subject to premarket approval which requires manufacturers to submit information related to the safety and effectiveness of their devices for FDA review and approval. The Medical devices act of 1976 included a preemption clause over state integrity to ensure the federal statutes held supremacy over any state statut... ...mble_fda_final_rule.php.Medical Devices. U S Food and Drug Administration Home Page. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Apr. 2012. .Miller, Roger Leroy, and William Eric Hollowell. parentage Law. Mason, OH South Western Cengage Learning, 2011. Print.The Development of the Medical Device Amendments MDDI Medical Device and Diagnostic Industry word of honor Products and Suppliers. MDDI Medical Device and Diagnostic Industry News Products and Suppliers. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 May 2012. .measure, the most plausible, PDUFA did not, and in. Project FDA Report 1 In the Wake of Wyeth v. Levine Making the Case for FDA Preemption and Administrative Compensation. Manhattan Institute. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Apr. 2012. .

Portayal of the King in Shakespeares Tragedy of Hamlet Essay -- Willi

Analysis of Shakespe beDuring Elizabethan times, the survival and longevity of the king or queen was essential for the subjects of the kingdom. The monarchy co-ordinated the kingdom, saw to its prosperity, and protected its subjects from foreign invasion. The king was the most important person within the kingdom and without him the kingdom would collapse. Shakespeare echoes this thought back to his audience in The calamity of hamlet, Prince of Denmark, Act 3, Scene3, lines 11 through 23 through a passage recited by Rosencrantz. In lines 1 through 7, King Claudius is ordering Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to take the now-deemed-mad Hamlet to England. King Claudius fears for his kingdom and his own life having viewed the re-enactment of Claudiss actions in murdering Prince Hamlets father, depicting how Claudius came to occupy the throne by marrying Queen Gertrude, his brothers wife in the play The Mousetrap. King Claudius is requesting that Rosencrantz and Guildenstern finis h off Prince Hamlet from the castle and the kingdom to keep Claudius out of harms way. In lines 11-23, Rosencrantz replies to King Claudiuss statement, affirming the Kings reasoning as to why Prince Hamlet should be removed from the kingdom. This is the passage in its entirety. The single and peculiar life is bound With all the strength and armour of the mind To keep itself from noyance but much more That spirit upon whose weal depends and rests The lives of many. The repudiate of majesty Dies not alone, but like a gulf doth draw Whats near it with it. It is a massy wheel Fixed on the summit of the highest mount, To whose huge spokes ten dollar bill thousand lesser thing... ...speare has written the play in such a way that the immediate successors to the throne, Queen Gertrude and Prince Hamlet are both murdered deviation no rightful heir for Denmark. Shakespeare provides no further explanation about the outc ome of the kingdom beyond Hamlets death other than that of Fortinbras, the Prince of Norway, takes the throne. As an audience we are left with questions. Do Rosencrantzs prophecies come to pass? Does the Kingdom of Denmark fall apart with the sound of a groan or does the kingdom sigh in reaction to the simple matter of power exchanging hands? The answers are as silent as the ghosts of Denmark.Works CitedShakespear, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. The Norton Shakespeare Based on the Oxford Edition. Eds. Greenblatt, Stephen, Walter Cohen, Jean E. Howard, Katharine Eisaman Maus. New York W. W. Norton, (1997).

The Psychology of Robert Frost’s Nature Poetry Essay examples -- Rober

The Psychology of Robert hoarfrosts constitution PoetryRobert Frosts nature poetry occupies a significant steer in the poetic arts however, it is likely Frosts use of nature is the most misunderstood aspect of his poetry. While nature is always beat in Frosts writing, it is primarily used in a pastoral sense (Lynen 1). This makes sense as Frost did consider himself to be a shepherd.Frost uses nature as an image that he wants us to see or a metaphor that he wants us to relate to on a psychological level. To say that Frost is a nature poet is inaccurate. His poetry is in the main psychologically oriented with emphasis on specific recurring themes, which include, unless are not limited to, loneliness, retreat, spirituality, darkness, and death. Frost said himself repeatedly, I am not a nature poet. There is almost always a soul in my poems (quoted in Thompson). This may be hard for some(a) to grasp, as Frost is world renowned for his alleged nature theme. Contrary to popular opi nion, nature is not Frosts central theme in his poetry it is the contrast between man and nature as well as the conflicts that muster up between the two entities. Frosts nature poetry interconnects the world of the natural and the world of human beings Both key elements of his motivation in writing poetry. The harsh reality of nature and the thoughtless expectations in the minds of man scarcely cohere to one another. Frost usually starts with an observation in nature, contemplates it and then connects it to some psychological concern (quoted in Thompson). According to Thompson, His poetic impulse starts with some psychological concern and finds its way to a material embodiment which usually includes a natural scene (quoted in Thompson).According to John F. Lynen, Frost sees in nature a symbol of mans relation to the world. Though he writes about a forest or a wildflower, his real subject is humanityhis concept of natureis a paradox and it points toward the greater paradox in man h imself (4,5).Lynen also states that the struggle between the human imagination and the meaningless void man confronts is the subject of poem after poem (6). On talk of Frosts nature poetry, Gerber says, with equanimity Frost investigates the basic themes of mans life the individuals relationships to himself, to his fellow man, to his world, and to his God (117). All of these... ...adily establish its meaning to anyone (Bloom 9). From that last statement, one can recognize that indeed Robert Frosts nature poetry is more than blooming flowers and snowy nights obviously in that location is an underlying psychological meaning in most of his poems. Works CitedBloom, Harold, ed. Modern Critical Views Robert Frost First Edition, New York et al, Chelsea House Pub., 1986.Marks, Herbert. The Counter-Intelligence of Robert Frost.Pack, Robert. Frosts Enigmatical Reserve The Poet as Teacher and Preacher.Gerber, Phillip L., Robert Frost Revised Edition, ed. Kenneth Eble, New York, Twayne Publ ishers, 1982.Lynen, John F., The Pastoral Art of Robert Frost New Haven, Yale University Press, 1960.Poirier, Richard and Mark Richardson eds. Robert Frost Collected Poems, Prose, & Plays1st Edition, New York, The Library of America, 1995.Kennedy, X.J. and Dana Gioia, eds. Literature An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry & Drama7th Edition, New York, et al, Longman, 1999.Frost, Robert, The Road Not Taken, 910Thompson, Carol, Frost and Nature Bennington, The Friends of Robert Frost, 2000http//www.frostfriends.org/tutorial-4.html

The Psychology of Robert Frost’s Nature Poetry Essay examples -- Rober

The Psychology of Robert hoars Nature PoetryRobert Frosts disposition song occupies a significant place in the poetic arts however, it is likely Frosts use of constitution is the most construe aspect of his poetry. While nature is al federal agencys present in Frosts writing, it is primarily used in a pastoral spirit (Lynen 1). This makes sense as Frost did consider himself to be a shepherd.Frost uses nature as an image that he wants us to see or a fiction that he wants us to relate to on a psychological level. To say that Frost is a nature poet is inaccurate. His poetry is in the main psychologically point with emphasis on specific recurring themes, which include, but are not limited to, loneliness, retreat, spirituality, darkness, and death. Frost said himself repeatedly, I am not a nature poet. There is almost always a person in my poems (quoted in Thompson). This may be hard for some to grasp, as Frost is world notable for his alleged nature theme. Contrary to popular op inion, nature is not Frosts central theme in his poetry it is the contrast between gay and nature as well as the conflicts that arise between the two entities. Frosts nature poetry interconnects the world of the natural and the world of kind beings Both key elements of his motivation in writing poetry. The harsh reality of nature and the thoughtless expectations in the minds of man scarcely cohere to one another. Frost usually starts with an observation in nature, contemplates it and then connects it to some psychological concern (quoted in Thompson). According to Thompson, His poetic impulse starts with some psychological concern and finds its way to a material embodiment which usually includes a natural scene (quoted in Thompson).According to John F. Lynen, Frost sees in nature a image of mans relation to the world. Though he writes about a forest or a wildflower, his real publication is humanityhis concept of natureis a paradox and it points toward the greater paradox in man himself (4,5).Lynen also states that the struggle between the human imagination and the meaningless void man confronts is the subject of poem after poem (6). On speaking of Frosts nature poetry, Gerber says, with equanimity Frost investigates the basic themes of mans life the various(prenominal)s relationships to himself, to his fellow man, to his world, and to his God (117). All of these... ...adily yield its meaning to anyone (Bloom 9). From that last statement, one can recognize that indeed Robert Frosts nature poetry is more than blooming flowers and snowy nights obviously there is an underlying psychological meaning in most of his poems. Works CitedBloom, Harold, ed. Modern Critical Views Robert Frost depression Edition, new(a) York et al, Chelsea House Pub., 1986.Marks, Herbert. The Counter-Intelligence of Robert Frost.Pack, Robert. Frosts Enigmatical Reserve The Poet as Teacher and Preacher.Gerber, Phillip L., Robert Frost Revised Edition, ed. Kenneth Eble, New York, Twa yne Publishers, 1982.Lynen, John F., The untaught Art of Robert Frost New Haven, Yale University Press, 1960.Poirier, Richard and Mark Richardson eds. Robert Frost Collected Poems, Prose, & Plays1st Edition, New York, The Library of America, 1995.Kennedy, X.J. and Dana Gioia, eds. Literature An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry & Drama7th Edition, New York, et al, Longman, 1999.Frost, Robert, The Road Not Taken, 910Thompson, Carol, Frost and Nature Bennington, The Friends of Robert Frost, 2000http//www.frostfriends.org/tutorial-4.html

Boys of Blood and Bone Essay

David Metzenthens Boys of Blood and rig out is an ambitious novel linking the stories of henry Lyon, in the summer before he starts his first year of Law at university, and Andy Lansell, Australian digger killed in the Somme in 1918. Andy and Henrys stories meet when Henrys car breaks down in the small country townspeople of Strattford on his way to a sailboarding weekend with his mates and his disgruntled girlfriend Marcelle. While stuck in Strattford, Andy gets to know Trot and his girlfriend Janine and centenarian Cecelia Hainsworth, never-married fiancee of the long-dead Andy.Henry is given Andys diary to read, and finds himself fascinated bythe tragic story of this immature man of his own age from another time, another world. The narrative of Boys of Blood and Bone alternates between Henrys contemporary story and the war time experiences of Andy and his mates. The point is not so much that the two young mens lives are directly paralled its rather that the comparison of thei r stories points up the extreme difference between the experiences of the generations in question, and their attitudes to life and death.Henrys moment of somatogenetic courage when he board sails into a wild and dangerous sea points up his reckless sense of immortality, as contrasted with the young soldiers rueful, resigned courage under the around extreme, nightmarish and unbelievable circumstances. Similarly, Henrys one passionless sexual encounter contrasts powerfully against the diggers frank embracing of (as they know, possibly first and last) sexual opportunities with, it essential be stressed, entirely willing young women.This is not to infer that the novel romanticises the past, or past generations at the expense of the current generation. Yet thither is a sense of frustration with Henrys somewhat aimless, even unambitious wandering through life, compared to Andys clear-sighted, focused recognition of what is required of him in his here and now. And dont forget were talk ing about 18 year olds here. Boys of Blood and Bone is on its surest ground in the chapters dedicated to Andy and the desperate, crashing(a) battlefield of the Somme.Metzenthens year spent researching the war is evident, and the physical and emotional ordeal these young men is vividly realised (although Andys last twenty-four hour period is dragged out a little too much in classic horror movie Im not dead still style). little well depicted is the romantic tribulations that form the core of Henrys story. His conflict with Marcelle is presented, but not adequately explored his subsequent romance is more fleshed-out and recognisable, yet this narrative thread still seems somewhat pale in comparison to the life and death circumstances of Andy and his mates.In the past decade or so, young Australians have demonstrated a genuine interest in the war-time experiences of their counterparts from decades ago. Attendances at ANZAC Day ceremonies and visits to Gallipoli have increased enorm ously, and there is a new-found respect for the war-time experiences of Australian return men and women in times gone by. In this context, Boys of Blood and Bone is bound to find an enthralled and open audience.

Victory in the Civil War

African Americans have had a long and painful encounter with subjugation, oppression and brutality. Their history is undeniably plagued with inhumane treatwork forcet and violence simply on the basis of their skin tinge. Man stooped to its lowest possible status when he began discriminating against the great unwashed on color and race. No single race has had as unfortunate a history as African Americans who were rudely denied their slumps during slavery era and were arrogantly kept away from the same after emancipation.Many blacks were hopeful of a better life when Abraham Lincoln declared emancipation for every black slave in the country. However since he himself died soon after, Blacks faced an uphill task getting their due share of national place during Reconstruction and prior to the Civil Rights Movement in 1960s. achievement in the Civil War of 1860s had assured African-Americans that they would get equal rights in the United States which however was one promise that did not materialize for very long. African-Americans were looked rout upon in the South and they did not even have the right to sit next to white people in exoteric buses.In the South black people were required to sit at the back as front seats were reserved for whites. This was a highly unfair law, which caused humiliation to many blacks especially a professor named Jo Ann Robinson. Blacks who were desirous of equal rights started the civil rights movement in 1950s to uphold Thomas Jeffersons democratic ideals, We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable Rights that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.1) Reconstruction should have been a time to feel and celebrate for blacks in the South. But that was not the case. Blacks suffered immensely at the hands of severe racial differences that plagued the country and had sharpened with the proclamation. The administration did little or vigour to ease the transition process. Frederick Douglass expressed his disappointment in these words You say you have turn us. You have and I thank you for it. But what is your emancipation?When the Israelites were emancipated they were told to go and borrow of their neighborsborrow their coin, borrow their jewels, load themselves carry out with the means of subsistence after, they should go free in the land which the Lord God gave themBut when You move us loose, you gave us no acres. You turned us loose to the sky, to the storm, to the whirlwind, and, worst, of all you turned us loose to the wrath of our infuriated masters. A long serial publication of struggles began when reconstruction failed to make the dream of liberty come true.Voting rights were not yet granted to blacks and to make matters worse racial segregation had not been abolished in enlightens and another(prenominal) departments. Racial segregation in trails was a major sign of discrimination becau se young generation of blacks who were born free was forced to encounter unfair treatment without their being any legal support for the same. Slavery was no longer there in practice but it could still be felt in such actions of the people.Discrimination on the basis of race was reflected by things such as black people riding at the back of the bus, racial segregation in school, equal and separate principle and no voting rights or job opportunities for blacks. Before 1950s, things were not even moving in the right direction. Everything was intensely odds-on for blacks including access to education and jobs. But 1950s and following decades changed the fate of black community as more than a century after initial emancipation, they were in the end given some of the civil rights they had dreamt of.But these rights were not offered on a silver platter. Blacks had to consistently fight for their rights and there were a series of court cases that upheld the democratic ideals and opened doors to more freedom and par for blacks. One such prominent and irreplaceable in significance was the browned vs. Board of Education case of 1954. There is no case in education boards history that has played a more important role or has served as a bigger judicial turning point than this case. In the history of important cases, Brown vs.Board of Education occupies a top slot because of its impact not only on education system in the country but on the fate of African Americans in United States. It just changed the way Americans handled issue of human rights. In 1950s, racial segregation in schools was a norm. While schools were required to be equal in quality of education, they were also meant to be separate. It was found that even equality principle was not followed in spirit since most black schools offered education which inferior in quality. In 1849, a similar case Roberts vs.City of Boston surfaced to quarrel the education system of racial segregation but nothing concrete ca me out of this. In fact Benjamin Roberts and other African American parents were denied the right to enroll their children in selected Boston schools. In other words, this case upheld racial segregation. A few years later, in 1855 segregation in schools was abolished by milliampere legislature. However it was more in theory than practice. In 1896 came the important case of Plessy v. Ferguson where United States Supreme Court called for separate but equal access to assorted facilities to African Americans.This landmark case however denied blacks a chance to achieve complete equality because based on this declaration blacks were offered separate facilities in restaurants, public transport, hotels and education. Several other cases surfaced since the Roberts case in 1849 and by 1949 court had made little or no effort to strike down racial segregation. Brown vs. Board of Education case was filed from Kansas. Before this case, some eleven school cases had emerged between 1881 and 1949 in Kansas. None however managed to bring about any authentic change in school segregation system.In 1908, The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was founded and this organization helped black people achieve equality by providing them with legal counsel and funding whenever needed. Linda Brown was a third grade student whose father Oliver Brown wanted to admit her to a white school in the neighborhood since Linda had to walk miles everyday to reach her black school. She was denied admission in the white school and this resulted in Brown seeking help from McKinley Burnett, the period of Topekas branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).NAACP was more than willing to assist since they finally had the the right plaintiff at the right time. 2 In his testimony, Dr. Hugh W. Speer, an expert witness explained that segregation was unhealthy and unfair to black students if the colored children are denied the experience in school of associating with white children, who represent 90 percent of our national society in which these colored children must live, then the colored childs curriculum is being greatly curtailed. The Topeka curriculum or any school curriculum cannot be equal under segregation. 3The case continued for several months and in May 1954, the court in its landmark decision struck down separate but equal clause and called for school integration. In his ruling Chief Justice Earl Warren said We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of separate but equal has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. Therefore, we hold that the plaintiffs and others similarly situated for whom the actions have been brought are, by creator of the segregation complained of, deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment.4 The case was seen as a colossal step in the right direction as it gave more encouragement to civil right s movement which ultimately resulted in a much better world for the blacks.REFERENCES1 Dr. Howard O. Lindsey, A History of Black America, pg. 34-35 2 Edward W. Knappman, ed. , wide American Trials (Detroit Visible Ink, 1994) 467. 3 Knappman 467. 4 Benjamin Munn Ziegler, ed. , Desegregation and the Supreme Court (Boston D. C. Heath and Company, 1958) 78-79

B.tech Essay

Unemployment means lack of work for those persons who ar willing to work. There are two categories of unemployed persons-uneducated persons and educated persons. Unemployment among the educated people is increasing. Besides, unemployment, thither is under employment in like manner. Under employment means insufficient employment. For example, a farmer is under employed be realise he does not have work for the unit year. Unemployment is one of the major problems of the Indian economy. We know India is an underdeveloped economy and therefore the nature of unemployment here differs from the one that prevails in a developed economy.In India there is chronic under-employment or disguised unemployment in the rural sector and unemployment among the educated classes in the urban areas. The main cause of unemployment among the educated lot is the slow yard growth of the economy in relation to increase in the number of educated persons. Several factors are prudent for the problem of unempl oyment. Our defective system of reading which lays too much emphasis on literary training is perhaps the main cause of unemployment. Our governments faculty be after is also responsible of this problem to a massive extent. It fails to create suitable job opportunities for all. Population explosion is a big reason to bring this problem into existence. Population of our area is increasing at fast rate but job opportunities are not increasing accordingly. Engineering and Medical profession have a great attraction for many. But even those professions do not present a very bright picture. First of all it is very difficult to get admission in a Medical or an Engineering College. The education in professional colleges is so expensive that only the rich can afford it. so young men and women are facing very tough time. Sometimes it has been seen that they choose a career for which they possess neither the capability nor the attitude. This is the root cause of many young mens failure in life.It is therefore necessary to provide young men and women with educational as well as vocational guidance. This will help them choose a profession in accordance with their capability and aptitude. Our government has taken several important measures to solve this festering problem. With a view to increase employment government has made sincere efforts to adopt and encourage labour intensive investment and production programmes. In this link attention was paid on agriculture, agro-based industries, and cottage industries. Since 1976 a weekly Journal-EmploymentNews is organism published both in English and Hindi. Education is also being planned in such a way that educated youths should be free from employment problem. Vocational education with the needs and requirements of the country is being arranged. A new education policy, 1986 has been launched. With the primary objective of generating additional employment, especially in backward regions and weaker sections, a number of em ployment programmes have been started by the Govt, of India.These are IROP, The Desert Development Programme, tne National Rural Employment Programme, The Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme, the National Scheme of Training of Rural Youth for ego Employment increase in employment has been one of the major objectives in all Five-year Plans of India. Technical and Vocational education is being given in schools. Family planning is encouraged among the young men and women to control population. Different technical and professional colleges are being established in every state. This is a good point out that government is trying its best to uproot this problem.

Mary, the Mother of Jesus

bloody shame, The Mother of Jesus By Angelus Djugash virtuous Mary Jesus is God. Jesus was born to Mary. Mary is the mother of God. St. Luke introduces Mary when the angel Gabriel was sent from God to a virgin betrothed to a man Joseph (Lk 126-27). The virgins name was Mary. Virgin intend that one does not know human love, but only the love of God. It means that one has no other thought but for the Lord. It means to remain children in the flesh and angels in the heart.It means that one has no eyes but to look at God, and ears to listen to Him, and a mouth to praise Him, hands to offer oneself as a victim, feet to follow Him fast, and a heart and a life to be given to Him. (1) Mary is the Virgin. She is the Only One. She is the perfect One. The be intimate One. Conceived as such. Generated as such. Remained such. Crowned such. Etern everyy such. She is the Virgin. She is the acme of intangibility, of purity, of grace that is lost in the Abyss from which it emerged in God most perfe ct Intangibility, Purity, Grace. 2) Mary, Seat of learning God created Heaven and Earth. Jesus, Son of God is the author of Wisdom. Virgin Mary gave birth to Jesus. Thus Mary becomes the mother of Wisdom. King Solomon prophesied Mary in a figurative style by the word wisdom. We read in Proverb God possessed me (Mary) at the beginning of His works, from the beginning, before the Creation. From everlasting I was securely set, in the beginning, before earth came into being, the deep did not yet exist, I was already conceived in the minds of God. 3) For in Mary there is a spirit that is intelligent, holy, unique, manifold, subtle, mobile, clear, unpolluted, distinct, invulnerable, pleasant the good, keen, irresistible, beneficent, humane, steadfast, sure, free from anxiety, all-powerful, overseeing all, and penetrating through all spirits that are intelligent and pure and most subtle. For she is a breath of the power of God, and a pure climb of the glory of the Almighty therefore n othing defiled gains entrance into her.For she is a reflection of eternal light, a spotless mirror of the working of God, and an image of His goodness. though she is but one, she can do all things, and while remaining in herself, she renews all things in both generation she passes into holy souls and makes them friends of God, and prophets. For she is more beautiful than the sun, and excels every constellation of the stars. Compared with the light she is found to be superior, for it is succeeded by the night.She reaches mightily from one end of the earth to the other, and she orders all things well. (4) Though she is but one, she can do all things, and while remaining in herself, she renews all things in every generation she passes into holy souls and makes them friends of God, and prophets. For she is more beautiful than the sun, and excels every constellation of the stars. Compared with the light she is found to be superior, for it is succeeded by the night. She reaches mightily from one end of the earth to the other, and she orders all things well. (4)Mary, the seat of Wisdom, would remember what was said, When He marked out the foundations of the earth, I was beside him, like a outstrip workman and I was daily His delight, rejoicing before Him always, rejoicing in His inhabited world and delighting in the sons of men. (3) Immaculate Mary God created Adam in His own image. (5) Therefore, Adam was the only man created by God Immaculate. The Lord God formed the woman Eve out from the rib of Adam. (6) They lived in grace at the Garden of Eden. In eternity God knew that they would err and disobey. He had the plan to redeem the first parents and their generations.For that He had to born as a human being. He chose His mother an eternal Virgin and Immaculate. The most Blessed Virgin Mary was preserved immune from all stain of original sin. (7) It was tending(p) from the first moment of her conception, by a singular grace and privilege of almighty God. The Fath er blessed Mary more than any other created individual in Christ with every spiritual blessing in the heavenly places. He chose her in Christ before the foundation of the world, to be holy and right before Him in love. (8) She is redeemed, in a more exalted fashion, by reason of the merits of her son, Jesus.In the year 1858 when Our Blessed Lady appeared to St. Bernadette in Lourdes on March 25th, She said to her, I Am The Immaculate Conception (Que Soy Era Immaculate Councepcion). She has been Our Immaculate Mother. She will ever be so until we climb up in the ladder of purity imitating her. (1) Chapter 6 The poem of the Man-God, Page 39, Vol. 1 (2) Chapter 5 The poem of the Man-God, Page 32, Vol. 1 (3) Proverb 822-31 (4) Wisdom 722-30 & 81 (5) Genesis 127 (6) Genesis 222 (7) Catechism of the Catholic Church 491 (8) Catechism of the Catholic Church 492

Monitor of experience in rock climbing

To be equal to(p) to perform at a level which is suit subject for me to gain employment in the world of exterior pursuits, one of my mid-term goals, it is vital that I am able to monitor my own progress in order to critically evaluate my levels of fitness, skill and fellowship in certain(a) aspects of the industry. In this case jar choose. In order for me to progress I must monitor my current levels and be able to produce a programme which will allow me to push these levels to a higher standard, motivating myself as I do so by working at a standard that allows me to remain foc employd and set on my chosen goal.Prior ExperienceAlthough I entered into surfacedoor education with no prior experience, as in short as I heard that I was going to be risinging as a major part of my course and would be deprivationed to do so as a large part of my chosen c areer I wasted no meter in researching the sport. Having tutors with a large friendship base for the subject I made notes in their lessons spotlight key words, which I later researched further in books or on the internet, a irradiation with which I take aim a wide experience of working with from my previous career and something which I ease up recently used to acquire a wider k straightledge base in relation to rideing. I attended and continue to attend all practical sessions in order to gain low gear-hand experience of the sport chthonic expert instruction and continue to learn verbotenside of college use my own stand uping equipment and going over what I have been taught.The sport is now a hobby of mine and as such I enjoy researching it, watching videos of professional climbers and reading publications on different styles of climbing, rope work and the associated use of equipment required to make the sport safe.I have the backing from family and friends which is very of the essence(p) to me as they provide me with encouragement and morale support and offer me transport to and from climbing areas acting as climbing partners when needed. My tutors are a constant source of information, available upon request and even allow me to climb with them on the indoor border at college and outdoors on certain occasions. By observing fellow athletes I am able to enume esteem at different aspects of climbing such as body attitude and different types of holds which I would otherwise know nothing about.Technical Knowledge and SkillsMy technical knowledge is definitely at a higher level than my technical skills. I have bought sufficient of my own equipment to enable me to go climbing on my own and get used to using the various tools needed in the sport. I have spent mea incontestable concentrating on the top of the crag ignoring everything except placing protection and creating anchor points in order to be able to climb. This subject however is huge and the amount that I know is only a small percentage of what is out there so I continue to buy and borrow books, videos and other m aterials demonstrating various forms of placing protection.Through the leadership and party management section of my college course I have been able to ride groups of individuals from varying backgrounds climbing something, which has cooperateed me to develop my rope work and safety skills further, whilst on the crag or at the indoor wall. macrocosm responsible for the well- cosmos of others has made me look more than closely at the theory behind placing protection and has allowed me to experience first-hand by working alongside a highly qualified tutor precisely what it is like to rig up a variety of climbing routes safely in order for people to be able to climb on them. divers(prenominal) from placing protection is the actual skills needed to be able to climb. From studying the different types of hand and feet techniques and by looking at climbers body positions as they climb I have began to slowly understand certain aspects of climbing which will enable me to successfully c omplete a climb and conserve the most amount of energy assertable when doing so. However recognising and knowing the names of the different types of techniques required for climbing is not enough and successfully putting them into practice tolerate only be done by actually climbing and working on those techniques which I am least familiar with.Climbing outdoors and more signifi lavtly on the bouldering wall at college has enabled me to experience these techniques and has paved the air into motivating myself into creating a preparedness schedule for myself in order to push my climbing grades. The wall at college is overhanging, all of it which requires a lot of arm attitude and correct body positioning in order to stay off the floor. Training at first in this way was very uninspiring for me and it took a while for me to begin to be able to successfully move around on the wall. Through education with the tutors who have showed me various bouldering problems (the term used for a climbing route) and creating problems of my own I have been able to achieve that feeling of progress which I need to inspire myself and have begum reproduction on a regular basis.At around 830am on the days that I am in college I climb on the bouldering wall completing 5 circuits with each circuit containing the same 5 problems. The problems consist of various hand and foot holds which will help me to work a selection of muscle groups in my body as apposed to a few which is what would happen if I was to stick to the same types of holds all the time like hose which I am strongest. I train at around 830am as I am least likely to be interrupted and the college is cooler than it is during the afternoon.Although progress is being made it is slow and some days I seem to do break dance than others entirely I am committed to sticking to my schedule and continuing to learn about the theory behind the technical side of climbing. On an afternoon, after finishing my studies I go to the weig hts room in college where I build military strength in my arms, chest and back, working various muscle groups which I believe will allow me to raise my endurance levels and allow me to climb stronger and more aggressively. More recently and I believe as a response to this training my upper body strength has improved and I am moving more fluidly on the bouldering wall and even soloing (climbing on my own) on routes I wouldnt have considered a few months ago.I am soon entering the training phase of my Single Pitch Award (SPA) which is a big form of motivation for me to get out on the crag on weekends and concentrate on my lead climbing (climbing whilst placing leader protection in the rock as you climb) in order to go in for my assessment. Although the portray only requires me to climb at the lowest grade in rock climbing I will work at a level homey at the time which enables me to push myself without any stress or pressure to do so.Levels of FitnessMy fitness at the moment is at a commonsense level although I would not class myself as super fit. I smoked for 8 years before kickoff this course and have managed to successfully quit for just under a year with no desire to start again. I walk and climb on a weekend when possible weighting down my backpack to improve my cardiovascular and respiratory fitness. This also helps my lower body strength. I have cut down drastically on my alcohol consumption and go out maybe once a week as opposed to every other night which I was doing withstand year. I have noticed a vast improvement from the beginning of my course in my ability to walk up a mountain which indicates that my cardiovascular and respiratory fitness has in fact improved.In relation to climbing finger strength is a major downfall in my climbing. As this is a part of my body which I would have never considered building on for strength my fingers and hands are relatively weak when attempting to hold my body weight. A variation of small holds of different directions on the college bouldering wall however is helping me to build on these strengths and I ever go for the smallest hold possible where me strength permits.At rest my pulse rate is 72bpm and my breathing is 18bpmAfter exercise my pulse rate is 156bpm and my breathing is 18bpmAfter 5 mins rest my pulse rate is 84bpm and my breathing is 18bpmThese levels are considered average for my age and sexual activity but do not show that I am extremely fit. My weight is correct for my age, gender and height.DietMy diet leaves a lot to be desired. I rarely eat take-away food unless I am away from home but do eat fatty foods on occasions where time is a factor and fried food appears more convenient. I am aware of the consequences of such a diet and I am currently beginning to eat more nutritious foods such as salad based sandwiches at lunch time and oven cooked or grilled meat and cooked vegetables on the evenings.Training Attendance and EffortAt the moment I only train when I am in coll ege which is around 2 to 3 times a week and this is often random and non- agreeable. Some days I am able to climb better than others and when I am having a bad day climbing I find it hard to motivate myself into completing my circuits. I usually climb on a morning and lift weights on an afternoon after my classes although this often depends on the type of day Im having and if something which I deem to be more important has come up. I enjoy training but I wouldnt say that I was extremely dedicated although I have been training quite systematically the past couple of weeks and am definitely noticing a difference with my climbing and the amount of weight that I am able to lift.My effort is often change once again being highly dependent on the mood I am in and the type of day I am having. I wouldnt say that I have a strict training schedule, more of a more frequent than usual approach to exercising.I have made sure that I have attended all of the practical days at college and have mis sed maybe one session since starting there. These days have been extremely valuable to me as I have been able to work alongside and observe much more experienced climbers than myself, something which has not only taught me elements of rock climbing but has also motivated me into exploring certain elements of the sport further helping me to improve my technical knowledge and skills.Access to EquipmentMy main source for training is the bouldering wall at college which is freely available for me to use whenever I choose. This is usually only when I am in college though as I conk in Teesside and find it difficult to get in some days. I have enough of my own equipment to train outside of college and do so on weekends, weather permitting. Living in Teesside I am very close to some excellent climbing venues both outdoors on the crags dotted passim the Cleveland Hills and Indoors at Sunderland Wall and Thornaby which has a small bouldering wall made by the same people who built Sunderland Wall. The north of England is an excellent location for climbing and other outdoor pursuits. The Lake District is only an hour or so away although I have not been there to climb as yet. I have however climbed at Brimham Rocks and Almscliffe both near Harrogate.Other climbers that I know are kind enough to lend me any equipment which I faculty need for a day on the crag with the general rule that I supply my own rope and other nylon equipment which can become damaged in the event of a leader fall and should be recorded for safety reasons and to clutch a check on the strength and deterioration of equipment.Access to impelling CoachingBeing a student studying an Outdoor Education course I am able to ask for expert advice at anytime from my tutors who I have no doubt will be happy to help me. Although the climbing part of my course is now over and other outdoor activities are being concentrated on I am still able to use the bouldering wall at college as part of my training schedule and I am even able to train alongside my tutor who will guide me in the right direction or offer me information and videos or publications which will help me to progress. Although it would be encouraged for me to find out most of the information for myself in relation to setting up my own individual training schedule I am able to ask for help where needed, something which would cost me money if I were not studying Outdoor Education.Leadership Communication SkillsSince starting the course I have been lucky enough to have the opportunity to work with various groups from schools around County Durham and the Teesside area. Working with these individuals who were aged between 14-16 years old I have been able to develop my communication skills in relation to climbing and working with groups and have experienced in different environs how important it is to be a peachy communicator both verbally and non-verbally. From first meeting a group and working with them I feel that I can be quite confrontational if the group in question is unwilling to learn or becomes disruptive when I am attempting to teach them something. I have learned that this is an inappropriate way of communicating though and I am beginning to adopt a more passive way of communicating sideline working with groups of dysfunctional teenagers who do not respond well to confrontation.I am a good listener and I speak clearly enough to be able to get my point across and in a manner which I feel allows people to understand and follow my instructions. I keep my body language as neutral as possible standing with my arms by my side or in front, never crossing them and always making eye contact with those that I am speaking or listening to. I do interact with members of a group but prefer to work more on the technical side working with equipment and setting up climbs more than attempting to motivate groups or acting as a counsellor, although I do always make myself available if someone wishes to talk to me or ask me something.Values and BeliefsI have strong values and beliefs in the way that I respect other people, whether these are climbing partners, groups I am working with or other climbers on the crag/wall. I follow both the compose and un-written rules of climbing and respect the venues at which I climb. From being taught by working alongside other climbers who have years of experience I have been taught what is and isnt good practice and go out of my way to ensure that I follow these values in my day to day climbing.Possible Areas for Improvement or tackI feel that I could improve in the way that I train in general. I could put together a more consistent training schedule which would enable me to become stronger quicker and in the parts of my body which I use the most in a session. My attitude towards program line and communicating with a group in the first hour or so from meeting them could be improved by talking to them more and purpose ways to make a session more fun either by incorporating different teaching methods or by investigating their backgrounds and finding out what their interests and attitudes are towards the session that I am taking. My training and diet could be improved by eating healthier, balanced meals. Less fried food and more vegetables.More training and reach would enable me to become more flexible, reaching harder holds and enabling me to improve my body positioning resulting on me staying on the wall for longer, preventing harm and ultimately improving my levels of endurance through prolonged periods of climbing. I also believe that this will improve my general rate of recovery, which could be shortened. My co-ordination skills need working on and I can do this by taking more time on a climb and watching where my next hold is. Being able to visualise a climb before I actually climb it would, I think make me more focussed and enable me to climb smoother with more fluidity. When training at college I should have more trust in my c olleagues when they are belaying me, but this is difficult because of the age difference and in some cases the ratio of their weight to mine.Methods of AssessmentProfile WheelBelow is a profile wheel demonstrating my strengths and weaknesses on a scale of 1 to 10, 1 being poor and 10 being good. All of the sections included in the wheel contribute in some way to my training and can be found in further detail above.S.W.O.T AnalysisI have selected my major strengths and weaknesses from the profile wheel and have listed some opportunities and threats which either enable or stop me from climbing.StrengthsIntelligenceI am intelligent enough to realise when something is dangerous allowing me to prevent injuries from occurring or if I am doing something which will benefit or hinder my climbing.Pain ToleranceI am not squeamish to injury or pain and as such I am able to push myself during training allowing my body to develop and advance to harder climbs.DeterminationI am a determined individ ual who wishes to succeed. I know what I trust from my college course and my training and I am determined enough to go out and get it.Rope workMy rope work skills are in all probability better than my climbing skills. I have researched further a lot of the techniques and skills taught to me in the practical sessions of my course. I have borrowed books from the library, bought books and read magazines / watched videos which have enabled me to learn more techniques in relation to my rope work.Selecting Appropriate EquipmentI have the knowledge to select the appropriate equipment to enable me to climb safely either inside at a climbing wall or outside on a crag something which allows me to climb and to push my grades knowing that I will be protected in the event of a fall.WeaknessesFlexibilityMy flexibility is quite restricted. Being a tall person I find it quite difficult to raise my legs up past waist height in order to reach a tricky hold. This can be improved by me however by str etching more and taking part in more aerobic exercise.Body PositioningAnother element of my flexibility is knowing how to position my body in order to stay on an awkward hold, for example a side pull, will enable me to climb for longer, pushing my levels of endurance.TrustI have clog trusting my climbing partners because they are either inexperienced, which is the case for my partner from home who has not had much climbing experience or they are quote a bit younger than me and quite immature and easily distracted.EnduranceI have trouble climbing long climbs or climbing for extended periods of time. This I feel can be improved by working on my flexibility which in turn will help to improve my body positioning allowing me to stay on holds longer resulting in me climbing for longer and pushing my endurance levels.VisualisationIf I am able to visualise a climb before I climb it, something which I rarely do I would be able to improve my levels of coordination and would connect with hold s more helping me to stay on the wall / crag for longer.OpportunitiesCollege Bouldering WallThe college bouldering wall offers me a great opportunity to train. The wall is overhanging which helps me to build my upper body strength allowing me to climb stronger on vertical or slabby climbs. Tutors often use this wall and allow me to climb with them creating the perfect opportunity to try new routes and techniques and ultimately push my fitness levels and climbing grades.Tutors(See above)North eastern hemisphere Climbing VenuesI live in Teesside very close to the Cleveland Hills, which accommodate some of the best climbing venues in the country. Further good climbing can be found at Sunderlands and Aycliffes indoor walls and excellent outdoor venues found in the Lake District and the North of England.College Practical SessionsAlthough the practical climbing sessions have now stopped in replacement of other activities they have proved to be a valuable source of information for me and have ultimately enabled me to go out on my own or with a climbing partner knowing that I am able to successfully and safely climb in or out of doors.Own EquipmentArmed with the knowledge obtained from the practical sessions I have managed to gather together my own equipment, which I am now able to use to climb outside of college, helping me to continue to train after college, in the holidays and when I pass the course and go into my chosen career.ThreatsTransportNot being able to drive I sometimes find it difficult to get to climbing venues, which are often in hard to reach, rural settings, something which prevents me from climbing on certain days.Financial SituationMy financial situation is less than ideal. This can prevent me from using climbing venues where a fee is involved and prevents me from being able to pay for driving lessons which create the threat described above.Lack of KnowledgeAlthough I have the basic knowledge to enable me to go out and climb on my own, there is a l ot to know about rock climbing both technically and physically and this can prevent me from knowing certain trade secrets which could enable me to progress at a quicker rate than I am at the present. deadly WeatherThe weather is an incontrollable element of my training. Bad weather has prevented or hindered my progress on several occasions, preventing me from climbing outdoors. Although simply going indoors as an alternative when the weather is bad, my financial situation and leave out of access to transport can often prevent this.InjuryAlthough I have had no serious injuries as a result of climbing this is a constant threat which could knock my training back to the start in the occurrence of a broken leg for example which can take up to six weeks to heal. Such an injury prevents further training and produces a weakness in that area and possible psychological damage.SummaryBy using a profile wheel and selecting my weakest and strongest attributes from that wheel I have been able to identify what I am good at and what needs my attention during training. Through highlighting these attributes I will now work towards maintaining my strengths, training my weaknesses, maximising my opportunities and minimising my threats in task two of The Reflective Practitioner. I will be able to do this by identifying my short term and long term goals and analysing these using SMART Targets.

Blood Brothers – Development Task

For our coursework, we created several scenes and performed scripted pieces from the play Blood Brothers by Willy Russell. I shall discuss some of the main scenes we created/performed and what mediums and elements we used to make better them.The first scene Ill discuss is where Mrs Johnstone and Mrs Lyons are arguing over wholl keep the twin. We used various mediums and elements of drama to help us put the scenes from page to stage. I have listed how we implemented elements of drama and what effects they gave belowContent- We produced this scene directly from page to stage, except we giveed thought tracking to it- devil extra citation characters that radius their thoughts. We used the stage directions to produce movement and facial expressions which were the main content of the scene, including the dialog.Actions- We used various different actions both from the script and improvised. These ranged from Mrs Johnstone cleaning at the start, to Mrs Lyons moving ridge her arms in arg ument. We did this to give the effect of emphasising Mrs Lyons frustration and madness and to come more than than visual interest for the audience. It proved very effective as it make the scene more dramatic and evocative.Climax- The climax in our piece was near the end where Mrs Johnstone swears on the Bible to give a twin to Mrs Lyons. We built up tension which lead to this by increasing volume and the tone of frustration in our voices. Reece whom played Mrs Lyons used a more pleading tone whereas I used a more frustrated tone. We did this because we wanted to engage the audience byout the scene with the build-up of tension and emotion.Contrasts- We created a clear contrast between the characters Mrs Lyons and Mrs Johnstone as shown on the script. These contrasts where presented in social class, which we portrayed through our differently accented voices. Also the dialog of the script suggested their contrast as Mrs Lyons had more authorative lines. In hallow to develop the c ontrast in characters further, we also had different postures to connote the contrast of status. I had a more relaxed posture and Reece had a more formal recluse posture. We did this to create an interesting conflict in the scene for the audience.Symbols- The only symbolism we used in this scene was the Bible prop. In the script, Mrs Johnstone swears on the Bible. This symbolises a covering contract, especially for her character as she is very superstitious. We used lighting to strike out the moment of this symbolism. Willy Russell may have used symbolism in this scene to add tension and interest for the audience as this reveals that an event is going to happen later on in the play. We could have added more symbols to the scene to create more tension.Now I shall explore what mediums of drama we used in this scene to take it from page to stage and develop it furtherCostume- We didnt use a grumpy costume as it was easier to change to different scenes and characters. We maybe shoul d have used costumes that represented their class to show a visual contrast between the cardinal characters.Sound/Music- We didnt use any music in our scene as there wasnt any scripted, however we used a heart-beat sound effect to mark the moment of madness when Mrs Lyons was pleading. We could have used music when Mrs Lyons pleads for the twin to mark the moment and add emphasis on her characters madness more effectively.Space & Levels- We unploughed spread out on the stage to use space effectively, and we incorporated the use of levels to show a visual contrast in status of the two characters. Mrs Johnstone was generally lower than Mrs Lyons throughout the scene to connote her lower status.Voice- Our voice intonation of anger and frustration built up throughout the scene to add more interest and contrasting moods from the beginning of the scene to the end. This use of voice gave the effect of showing the emotions of our characters clearly for the audience.We rehearsed this scene by initially reading through the script as our characters and using voice intonation to add emotion to the lines as we read them out. We used the explorative strategy of thought-tracking to explore the inner-characters that werent shown in the script. then we used the stage directions to take it from page to stage and add movement and gestures. We then added our own improvised actions etc. to develop the scene further.We made the ending of having two additional characters that represent Mrs Johnstone and Mrs Lyons thoughts to reveal them more effectively to the audience. We also decided to use a heart-beat sound when Mrs Lyons pleaded to show the audience the madness of her character and signify it.I think that the performance of this scene went well as our characters came across as we and the playwright intended. We made our emotions clear for the audience as we portrayed them through our gestures, use of voice etcetera. However, to improve this we could have used music at speci fic points such as when Mrs Johnstone swears on the Bible so as to mark the moment and add even more emotion to it. We demonstrated that Mrs Lyons and Mrs Johnstone had a good relationship initially, and how it deteriorated throughout the scene by using more infuriated expressions and vocal tones.

Poverty Case Essay

The most terrible distress is loneliness, and the feeling of being un wonderd. Mother TeresaIts frightening to think how those who live under poverty in our country would seem so powerless when in reality are just as powerful. Poverty has the power to dis competent people from seeing the sun on bright days, while it post enable them to think about the gloomiest ones, desperately resorting to un pauperismed ways to get what they need. They are equipped with a valid reason for committing crimes and immoral acts, rooting clog to poverty, just exactly something we find hard to give solution to. It is hard to embrace them fully, but is harder to decry them for feeling so hopeless about their stickuations. Hopelessness is what fuels these people and its a sad reality that the society can non help but let them do the driving their own dirty way. Loneliness is another type of poverty, as mentioned by Mother Teresa, and even claimed it as the most terrible of all poverties present.Sad ly, such was what the three major characters in the stories Cat in the Rain, omit brill, and A Rose for Emily, experienced. The traits they had in common rooted back to loneliness, being the reason wherefore they thought they had to do unique, and at a point, obscure ways to be trustworthy and loved in return.The story Cat in the Rain by Ernest Hemingway focused on the character of an American woman who tries hard to get her husbands heed by saving a kitten from the rain. As the story develops, it is noticeable that theres a slight tension between the American couple as emphasized by the husbands cold treatment to his wife. The wife, in return, recites her desire for things she knows she could not immediately have and will require great effort from her husband to have them. The American wife, enslaved by loneliness and insecurity, displayed selfishness as she repeatedly said, Anyway, I compliments a cat. I want a cat. I want a cat now. If I cant have long hair or any fun, I c an have a cat (Hemingway 106). Desiring for uncommon things during a vacation depart only meant that there was something wrong with the main character.It wasnt just the conscious feeling of loneliness that kept her from enjoying the married life the fact that she wasnt able to directly express her feelings about how un well-chosen she is to her husband means that she has been denying the feeling of loneliness herself. The way she felt wasnt in question(predicate), neither were her feelings unique, but the way she express her feelings made them so because she was unconsciously, hardly pressed by her fears. Asking for a cat, and reciting all her desires, I want to pull my hair back tight and glow and make a big knot at the back that I can feel I want to have a kitty to sit on my lap and purr when I stroke her and I want to eat at a table with my own silver and I want candles. And I want it to be spring and I want to brush my hair out in front of a mirror and I want a kitty and I w ant some new clothes. all of a sudden seems unusual, and it sure is one unique way to attract attention and show her longing for bridal and love. (Hemingway 105)In comparison to Miss Brill, the American wife is lucky to have someone than no one at all. Miss Brill is an old single woman who wants to be loved in return. Seen in the text is her deep desire to impress other people as she takes time to dress up and try to look beautiful with her favourite old fur necklet before going out to the park. It had been part of her weekly ritual to go out to the park and stroll around, secretly showing how she wants to have her existence validated by the society. Just like the American wife, Miss Brill also has the tendency to shrug off her loneliness, denying the fact that she is unhappy with the way her life is going. This is evident in the first paragraph of the story, And when she breathed, something light and sad no, not sad, exactly something gentle seemed to lean in her bosom (Mansfi eld 48).With her shrugging all these feelings off comes the danger of not realizing how desperate her actions seem to other people. These actions, such as eavesdropping on other peoples conversations, wearing the old fur necklet and looking silly, acting as if she were on a play, all root from loneliness she had been experiencing. Her desire to be accepted and be united with the community stems from within though she doesnt seem so conscious of what she exactly wants, thus acting in a weird, quaint manner. Miss Brill sought attention and acceptance in a unique way, as her actions and train of thoughts (that Miss Brill discovered what it made it so exciting. They were all on stage) (Mansfield 50) are not normally done and thought about by people who seek the same thing. This proves how much acceptance of ones weaknesses can help him/her get through it, something that denying can never do.The same situation was what Miss Emily experienced. Her loneliness came from her lack of freedom back when her father was still alive as he was very strict with the relationships she had with others. By the time her father was gone, she had a hard time relating with the rest of the community, discriminate herself inside the set up. Just like the two other characters mentioned, Miss Emily also had the tendency to deny this loneliness, bluntly shown when she kept her fathers brain dead embody in her house for three days and not accepting others sympathy The day after his death all the ladies prepared to call at the house and offer condolence and aid, as is our custom. Miss Emily met them at the door, dressed as usual and with no trace of grief on her face. She told them that her father was not dead (Faulkner 59)With the constant denial of this loneliness and longing for acceptance, she finds herself obsessing over Homer Barron, who happens to not be a marrying kind and refuses her love for him. Her oppressed feelings for him and her deep desire for his love and acceptance le d her to doing unique and questionable actions for her to get him, with or without his consent. As the story progresses, she finds herself purchasing arsenic, a rat poison, and kills Homer Barron without pity. It was a selfish move for her to do she didnt even seem to bother about how wrong it was, nor did she think about the possible consequences of such action. What she did was definitely unique and questionable, considering how immoral and selfish it was to kill someone for her own benefit. Just like the American wife who had been pressed by her fears leading to such weird doings, Miss Emily also had her packet of fear in losing Homer Barron.The three female characters pursuit of love can be so strongly driven that they find themselves doing unique and questionable ways to be loved and accepted in return. They all had fears empowering the loneliness they were feeling, making them deny this poverty in them more and thus, leading to the unique and questionable ways they did in the story. This only shows how much desires can be so powerful that it can make people do anything to get what it is that would make them happy and complete. It is then, important to be able to accept ones own weaknesses to be able to know and understand what it is that can fully solve and piece of music things up, something that denying and concealing can never do.Works Cited1 Mother Teresa of Calcutta quotes. Find the famous quotes you need, ThinkExist.com Quotations.Thinkexist.com, Web. 4 Jan 2013.2 Hemingway, Ernest. Cat in the Rain. Lit 13 English Dept. Ateneo de Manila University. Quezon metropolis np., 2012. 103-106. Print.3 Mansfield, Katherine. Miss Brill. Lit 13 English Dept. Ateneo de Manila University. Quezon City np., 2012. 48-51. Print.4 Faulkner, William. A Rose for Emily. Lit 13 English Dept. Ateneo de Manila University. Quezon City np., 2012. 57-64. Print.

Prevalence of smoking and drinking Essay

Adolescence, from Latin word adolescere which means to grow up is a transitional st develop of physical and psychological human development gener entirelyy occurring between puberty and level-headed adulthood. It is most c sliply associated with young years. Adolescence is further divided into three to a greater extent(prenominal) stages, the early (12-14 years middle-aged), warmheartedness (15-17 years old) and late adolescence (18-20/21 years old). In each stage of human development, thither atomic number 18 physical, emotional and physiological changes that happen. This is based from the concept that humans have developmental tasks that should be accomplish per stage.In the adolescence stage, adolescents atomic number 18 in critical stage because teenagers ar loose to a larger environment (Macmillan vocabulary for Students, 1981). Background of the study Nowadays, teenagers that be exposed to different environment atomic number 18 now operate ond to muckle and re vel able waterspout beverages for close to reasons. The strong association between binge potable and weed among adolescents may be attributable, in part, to the fact that twain adolescent hard drink use and tobacco use parting a number of sociocultural risk factors.Researchers have found that these factorsincluding family and compeer influences, demographics, advertising, economics, and alcohol and tobacco handiness ar associated with adolescents initial and continued tobacco and alcohol use (Bobo, J. and Corinne Husten, 2000). According to the U. S. Surgeon General cogitation (1994), approximately 80% of adult boobrs started weed before the age of 18. Every day, nearly 3,000 young multitude under the age of 18 become regular smokers and an estimated 2. 1 million plurality began fume on a daily basis in 1997.More than half of these new daily smokers were younger than age 18. This translates to more than than than 3,000 new youth smokers per day. The rate of youth arising of daily skunk increased more or less from 55. 5 to 74. 9 per 1,000 emf new users between 1991 and 1996, but remained level in 1997 (the 1998 National family unit Survey on Drug Abuse). It is tell that young race who come from a lowincome family and have less than two adults living in their household atomic number 18 especially at risk for becoming smokers and those with poorer grades and lower berth self-images are most similarly to begin. exploitation tobacco. Over the past decade, there has been virtually no objurgate in have rates among all teens. Among black adolescents, however, the prevalence of smoking has declined dramatically. Most young people who smoke are addicted to nicotine and were reported that they want to quit but are unable to do so (Statistics on Teens, 1994). In 2002, Komro and Toomey said that alcohol use by underage drinkers is a obdurate creation health problem in the United States, and alcohol is the most ordinarily apply medicin e among adolescents.Accordingly, numerous approaches have been developed and studied that aim to prevent underage inebriation. Alcohol use initiation rates for children rise quickly from age 10 up to about age 13, when they reach more than 50 percent. Subsequently, initiation rates begin to slow again (Kosterman, R. et al. , 2000). More oer, alcohol is the most commonly used drug among adolescents. According to Epstein, J. et al. , alcohol use continues to be an in-chief(postnominal) globe health problem.Recent national survey data indicate that 41% of current 8th graders, 62% of tenth graders, 73% of twelfth graders and 85% of college students have used alcohol. Even more troubling is that 11% of 8th graders, 22% of 10th graders, 25% of 12th graders and 40% of college students reported heavy episodic alcohol addiction. Domingo and Marquez found large gender residues in the risk-taking behaviors among Filipino adolescents and youths. Men are much more likely than women to drin k, smoke, and use drugs.The large gender difference in risk-taking behavior among adolescents and youths is rather common in Asiatic countries but not in the U. S. In our case, The Philippines has no national law regulating smoking and sale of tobacco products. at that place is no token(prenominal) age requirement for the purchase of cigarettes and no law regulating the advertising and promotion of cigarettes. There is no law that requires the printing of warning labels on cigarette packages. Instead, the National Tobacco Administration (NTA) is supposed to shelter and promote the balanced and integrated growth of the tobacco industry.Despite the results of a survey which say that 72 per cent of the polled adult population was supportive of having a legislation banning smoking advertisements. There are more restrictions on insobriety than smoking especially of the minors. Those who are less than 18 years old are 2 scallywag prohibited from purchasing or alcohol addiction alcoh olic drinks. However, the enforcement of this regulation is flea-bitten (Choe, M. and Corazon Raymundo, 2001). Objectives This study aimed to determine the prevalence of smoking and drinking of alcoholic beverages among major(postnominal) racy inculcate students specifically1. to compare the prevalence of smoking and drinking of alcoholic beverages between senior students of populace and clannish juicy school 2. to contrast the happening of smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages among senior spicy school young-be ruleting(prenominal)s and feminines 3. to station and rank the reasons why senior high school students smoke and drink alcoholic beverages 4. to determine the sense attitude of senior high school students in terms of the do of smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages on their physiological health and 5.to identify the effect of smoking and drinking of alcoholic beverages on the favorableization of senior high school students.Review of Related Literature T here are different factors impact different behaviors of adolescents. One social theory studied by Travis Hirschi (1969) is a more general commentary of deviance than deterrence theory, but which is, in turn, primarily restricted to informal social control which comes from individuals existence bonded to groups and institutions.1236 grade 9-13 students from 62 randomly selected classrooms in 3 Canadian schools in the Borough of East York, 1 of metropolitan Torontos 6 municipalities, were surveyed in December 1994 about their alcohol drinking beliefs and behaviors, and related lifestyle behaviors. Findings are based upon the analysis of data from 628 boys and 608 girls, of whom 799 were born in Canada. 24% of the students reported never having tasted alcohol, 22% had tasted alcohol but were not current drinkers, 39% were current moderate drinkers, 11% drank at 3Page to the lowest degree 5 drinks per occasion at least once per month, and 5% did not answer.The most frequently stat ed reasons for not drinking were family upbringing and they believed adverse effects of alcohol consumption upon health, magic spell the most often stated reasons for drinking were because it is an enjoyable experience and to train into a party mood. Respondents drinking patterns were importantly related to gender, ethnicity, grade, and the reported drinking habits of parents and friends. Older masculine adolescents who describe themselves as Canadian are more likely to drink heavily than are students who are younger or distaff person, or self-identify as Asian or European.Current heavy drinkers are at greater risk than former(a) students of engaging in another(prenominal) high-risk behaviors such as drinking and driving, riding with an intoxicated automobile driver, and smoking every day (Feldman et al. , 1999). In wiz of the surveys in US, half of respondents knew of a place near their school where kids could go to drink and get high during the school day, according to the y early back-to-school survey, which polled 1,003 12-to-17-years old. And more than one-third said that students had full-bodied opportunity during the school day to drug, drink and smoke without getting caught.Drug use in both world and private schools is on the rise, with 54 percent of private high school students reporting that drugs are available in their schools versus 24 percent in 2002 and 61 percent of students at unrestricted schools verbalize their schools are drug infected, compared with 46 percent in 2002. The researchers looked closely at the function of social media in teen substance use and found 75 percent of surveyed 12 to 17-year-olds said seeing pictures of teens partying with alcohol or marijuana on social networking sites such as Facebook or MySpace encourages them to party similarly (Gardner, 2012). cardinal percent of teens to the highest degree 11 million said they have seen such pictures online and 47 percent of those teens said that it seems like pict ured teens are having a good time. Teens who have seen these pictures were found to be four clock more likely to have used marijuana, more than three multiplication likelier to have used alcohol, and close to three times more likely to have used tobacco (CBSnews, 2012). 4Page In the sentience of teenagers on the health risks of smoking and drinking, it was found in one of the studies that teenagers think that smoking is more dangerous than smoking.Teen smoking has declined in all three grades included in the studygrades 8, 10, and 12. Still, almost 19 percent of 12th graders reported current (past-month) cigarette use. This decline shows that more teens realize the distress smoking does to your body and are making the decision not to start. Also, teens attitudes about smoking have changed. They increasingly prefer to date nonsmokers and believe smoking to be a dirty habit. Likewise, among nearly all grades, trends all over the past 5 years showed signifi give the axet decreases in alcohol use, including first-time use, occasional use, daily use, and binge drinking.As with smoking, this decline may be the result of more teens understanding the risk of drinking alcohol and pass judgment of this behavior (The Sara Bellum Blog, 2012). How teenagers feel about themselves plays a significant role in whether they choose to drink or use other drugs, according to a new report released today by SADD and Liberty coarse Group. The Teens Today 2003 study to a fault reveals that a teens Sense of Self, can influence familiar behavior, reaction to peer pressure, and, importantly, be affected by a teens relationships with parents (Henderson and Greenberg, 2004).Research has shown that the media over estimates smoking rates and often associates smoking with favorable attributes or situations. Given that the media plays a large role in influencing youth culture, portrayal of smoking in the media is of concern. In order to explore young peoples perceptions of smoking imag ery in the media, 16 focus groups were conducted with 117 school students. Participants were asked to rate smoking images selected from audiovisual and print media, and to discuss their perceptions of these images. The results showed that young people perceived smoking in these media selections to be normal and acceptable.They place with the stress relieving and social aspects of smoking, despite being well aware of the harmful health effects. Its acceptability as part of a cool image was in any case noted. Positive images of smoking in the media have the potential to down play the serious health consequences of smoking by portraying it in a behavior that young people interpret as a 5Page normal part of chance(a) life. They may also encourage a more neutral or tolerant attitude towards smoking among young people and therefore act to counteract other health promotion efforts to reduce teenage smoking (Watson et al., 2003).6Page METHODOLOGY The Participants In the study of determ ining the prevalence of smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages among senior students from private and public high schools, a total of forty senior high school students, twenty students comprising of ten young-begetting(prenominal) and ten young-bearing(prenominal) students from public high school and twenty students comprising of ten mannish and ten egg-producing(prenominal) students from private high school were randomly asked to answer the questionnaires provided by the group. The public school was a public national high school located in Los Banos, Laguna.On the other hand, the private school is a registered private non-sectarian high school in Los Banos, Laguna as well. The respondents have a mean age of 16 years old, ranging from 15-18, having a mode of 16. Measures The most commonly used and most frequently self devised measuring promoter, the questionnaire was used simply to obtain information straight off from subject as to make a standardized list of factual inform ation or raise application that was generalized to a larger population.A one-shot survey questionnaire was used as the research instrument in the study of determining the prevalence of smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages among senior students from private and public high schools. It is a usual study design where a single group of individuals is selected for observation over a single, limited time period, usually because they have experienced some factor taken as important in shaping some outcome (Kelly, 2012). And according to Jupp (2012), it is akin to one-off crosssectional design.As shown in adjunct A, a letter to the respondent identifying our topic and informing our objectives were told. Moreover, see Appendix B for the complete sham of the questionnaire used in the study. 7Page The questionnaire was divided into three parts Personal information, Physiological status and Lifestyle, and Social Aspect. The Personal information section was used for determining the age, sex , type of school, religion, and parents civil status. piece of music in the physiological status and lifestyle section, this would tell us how often the students from private and public schools smoke and drink alcoholic beverages.Also, to find out if the students were aware of the effects that these specific vices can contribute to their health condition. Lastly, the focus of smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages of the students in terms of having a companion or not while smoking and/or drinking and the perceptions of parents and themselves were determined in the Social Aspect section. The Setting The researchers had entrusted the set of questionnaires to one of the respondents from public and one from private high schools. They were the ones who distributed the set questionnaires to their fellow senior high school classmates.The respondents were a given a whole day time to answer the survey questionnaire. The two entrusted students collected all the completely answered survey questionnaires at the end of the day. Data Analysis In the process of obtaining, the questionnaires were made, distributed and collected again. For a more simple analysis of the data collated, tallying was made in a tabulated manner. The data obtained were computed to get the pct by dividing the number of score with the sum total of scores and then multiplying it by 100% using the formula P = f / N x 100% WhereP Percentage N radical number of respondents F oftenness 8Page And lastly, for an easier glance to the data collected, it will have a pictorial postureation in a form of bar graph, pie chart and other usual graphical ways to present the data. In order to identify the reasons why they smoke and what they think their parents perceive them a list of possible choices were mentioned in the questionnaire. These reasons were ranked 1 to 3 by the respondents who are smoking and/or drinking alcoholic beverages. In order to evaluate the ranks, an improvised rubric is formulated.Ev ery number (rank) has an analogous vote adept to differentiate and identify the leading reasons. tell 1 3 points enjoin 2 2 points Rank 3 1 point The highest vote will be assigned as the top reason while the others will be ranked according to the accumulated votes. The tabulated rank can be found on the results and discussion. Other data, including the occurrence, prevalence, frequency, reasons, and perceptions of male and female senior students smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages among private and public high schools were tabulated and graphed in order to see the comparison.While in determining the awareness of the students if smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages had an effect on their health condition, and if they were able to gain friends were in a form of poll. 9Page RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The prevalence of smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages among senior students of public and private high school were determined and observe. As seen in instrument panel 1, the total number of students smoking is 3, with 2 females and 1 male in public school. While 4 students, with 3 males and 1 female in private school. Among the 40 students, 7 of them were smoking. give in 1. Number of male and female students smoking in private and public high schools Public Private Subtotal manly 1 3 4 distaff 2 1 3 3 4 7 TOTAL As seen in Table 2, the total number of students drinking alcoholic beverages in public school is 6, with 4 males and 2 females. While there are 9 students drinking alcoholic beverages in private school. Among the 40 students, 15 of them were drinking alcoholic beverages. Table 2. Number of male and female students drinking alcoholic beverages in private and public high schools Public Private Subtotal Male 4 6 10 egg-producing(prenominal) 2 3.5 6 9 15 TOTAL 10 P a g e The occurrence of male and female students smoking in public and private high school students is shown in Fig. 1. It was observed that theres a higher number of smoking st udents in male course of instruction in private school. While, there is a higher number of smoking students in female category in public school. Moreover, students from private schools are more exposed to smoking. This might be because of the accessibility and spendability. Most private school students are in middle to high class statuses. Smoking 3. 5 3 2. 5 2 Male 1. 5 Female 1 0. 5.0 Private Public Fig. 1. Occurrence of male and female students smoking in private and public high schools Conversely, The occurrence of male and female students drinking alcoholic beverages in public and private high school students are shown in Fig. 2.. It was observed that theres a higher number of students drinking alcoholic beverages in male category in private school. While, there is a higher number of students drinking alcoholic beverages in male category in public school. Moreover, students from private schools are more exposed to drinking alcoholic beverages.This might be because of the acce ssibility and affordability. Most private school students are in middle to high class statuses. 11 P a g e potable 7 6 5 4 Male 3 Female 2 1 0 Private Public Fig. 2. Occurrence of male and female students drinking alcoholic beverages in private and public high schools Table 3. Frequency of male and female students smoking in private and public high schools Daily 1-2 times a calendar week 3-5 times a week Occasionally Public Male Female 2 1 Male Female Subtotal 0 0 Private Subtotal 0 3 1 0 TOTAL 0 5 2 0 12 P a g e 0%.Smoking 0% 29% Daily 1-2x a week 3-5x a week Occasionally 71% Fig. 3. Frequency of male and female students smoking in private and public high schools Table 4. Frequency of male and female students drinking alcoholic beverages in private and public high schools Daily 1-2 times a week 3-5 times a week Occasionally Public Male Female 4 1 1 Male Female Subtotal 0 Private Subtotal 0 5 2 2 TOTAL 0 9 3 3 13 P a g e Figure 4. Frequency of male and female st udents drinking alcoholic beverages in private and public high schools 0% Drinking 20%.Daily 1-2x a week 3-5x a week 20% 60% Occasionally Students conglomerate in smoking in private and public high schools had their own reasons why they did the vice. As seen in Table 5, the most voted reason in public high school was to experiment, and the least was because they imitated it from their parents. On the other hand, the most voted reason in private high school was to experiment also and the least was because of losing lean and media influence. 14 P a g e Table 5. Rank of reasons of male and female students smoking in private and public high schools.Smoking Public Private Rank Votes priming coat Rank Votes 6 0 Imitated from parents 2 6 2 5 Peer pressure 3 4 3 3 Media influence (advertisements) 5 0 5 1 Fashionable 4 3 5 1 Form of revolt 4 3 4 2 Wanting to lose weight 5 0 1 6 To experiment 1 8 18 24 Table 6. Combined rank of reasons of male and female students smoking in private and pu blic high schools Smoking Rank Reason Votes 1 To experiment 14 2 Peer pressure 9 3 Imitated from parents 6 4 Fashionable 4 4 Form of rebellion 4 5 Media influence (advertisements) 3 6 Wanting to lose weight 2 42.15 P a g e Reasons for smoking 7% To experiment 5% 33% 10% Peer embrace Imitated from parents Fashionable 10% Form of rebellion Media influence 14% 21% Figure 5. Combined ranking of reasons of male and female students smoking in private and public high schools Students involved in drinking alcoholic beverages in private and public high schools had their own reasons why they did the vice. As seen in Table 7, the most voted reason in public high school was to have good time with friends, and the least was because of boredom and form of rebellion.On the other hand, the most voted reason in private high school was to have good time with friends also and the least was because of boredom and form of rebellion also. 16 P a g e Table 7. Rank of reasons of male and female students drinking alcoholic beverages in private and public high schools Drinking Alcoholic beverages Public Rank Vote Private Reason Rank Vote 1 13 To have good time with friends 1 17 3 5 To experiment, to see what its like 2 10 5 2 To feel good, get high 4 7 4 4 Because it tastes good 6 4 2 9 To relax or let off tension 3 9 7 0 Boredom.7 0 5 2 To get away from my problems 5 6 7 0 Form of rebellion 7 0 7 0 Influenced by alcoholic parents 8 0 6 1 To get to sleep 7 1 7 0 To tot with a group I like 8 0 7 0 Anger or frustration 8 0 36 54 17 P a g e Table 8. Combined ranking of reasons of male and female students drinking alcoholic beverages in private and public high schools Drinking Rank Reason Votes 1 To have good time with friends 30 2 To relax or relieve tension 18 3 To experiment, to see what its like 15 4 To feel good, get high 9 5 Because it tastes good 8 5 To get away from my problems.8 6 To get to sleep 2 7 Boredom 0 7 Form of rebellion 0 7 Influenced by alcoholic parents 0 7 To fi t with a group I like 0 7 Anger or frustration 0 90 18 P a g e Reasons for drinking alcoholic beverages 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% To have good time with friends To relax or relieve tension 9% To experiment, to see what its like 9% 33% To feel good, get high Because it tastes good To get away from my problems 10% To get to sleep Boredom Form of rebellion 17% Influenced by alcoholic parents 20% To fit with a group I like Anger or frustration Fig. 6.Combined ranking of reasons of male and female students drinking alcoholic beverages in private and public high schools High school students are indeed part of the society. However, that does not mean that all of them are aware on certain issues present in the status quo today. Figure7 shows us that in terms of awareness of male and female students in the effects of smoking to the health condition, 95% said that they are aware, and 5% said they are not aware. This just means that even though legal age knows that this can affect health condition, there are unbosom young students who are blindly exposed to this habit.Aware Not Aware 95% 5% Fig. 7. sentiency status of male and female students in the effects of smoking to the health condition 19 P a g e Figure 8 shows us that in terms of awareness of male and female students in the effects of drinking alcoholic beverages to the health condition, 100% said that they are aware. Students were able to identify the negative effects of drinking to health condition. 100% Aware Not Aware Fig. 8. awareness status of male and female students in the effects of drinking alcoholic beverages to the health condition.While it is important to know the reason why some adolescents smoke and/or drink alcoholic beverages, and after versed if they were aware that these things affect their health conditions. We also have to look at the perceptions of people around them, and also what they think of themselves. In contrast to awareness of the respondents in the negative effects of smoking and drin king on health condition is their way of performing these vices, either merely, with friends, or both. Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 shows the way of drinking and smoking of public and private high school students respectively.It is observed that 53% or the majority of the students engage in drinking with friends, and 80% of them smoke either alone or with friends. This shows the social aspect of the students with their equal age group in doing the said activities. 20 P a g e Do you drink by yourself or with your friends? 0% Alone 47% With friends 53% Both Fig. 9. Way of drinking alcoholic beverages of male and female students among public and private high schools Do you smoke by yourself or with your friends? 0% 20% Alone With friends Both 80% Fig. 10. Way of smoking of male and female students among public and private high schools.21 P a g e Table 9. intelligence of smokers and/or drinker of people on them Parents collected Friends Self 2 3 4 0 2 1 - 9 - 8 - 6 4 2 4 bollock Go od fearful As seen in Fig. 11, the majority of the students answered COOL as what they think their parents mind of them. The least vote was they thought that their parents think their children were bad. This means that even if theyre doing those kinds of vices, their parents smooth accept them. What your parents think of you? 9% 10% Cool Addict Good 23% 58% Bad Fig. 11.Perception of the respondents on what their parents think of them as they smoke and drink alcoholic beverages 22 P a g e On the other hand, the Fig. 12 shows the perception of the respondents on what their friends think of them in engagement of the said vices. 54% think that their friends consider their action at law in a good way because it helps them gain friends, to be able to interact, and to socialize well with other people. It is observed that what they think their friends perceive also had the same result as to how they comprehend themselves when they smoke or drink.What your friends think of you? 13% 20% Cool Addict 13% Good Bad 54% Fig. 12. Perception of the respondents on what their friends think of them as they smoke and drink alcoholic beverages It is also important that students can pass judgment themselves even if they are doing some vices. As seen in Figure 13, majority of them still thought that they are good. However, 6% of the students thought they are addicts. Conversely, there is a consensus that 27% thought that they are cool and bad. 23 P a g e How do you perceive youself? Cool 27% 27% Addict Good 6% Bad 40% Fig.13. Perception of the respondents on what they perceive on themselves as they smoke and drink alcoholic beverages Perceptions are indeed important. But, it is still significant when it comes to application or reality. Are these students still gain friends after all their vices? In a poll seen in Fig. 14, 9 out of 15 said that they gained friends, and 6 out of 15 said that they did not gain friends. Meaning, there people who fork or dislike the vices. Or even if its okay for them, it is not proper to be exposed earlier. Did you gain friends? Yes No 60%.40% 9 out of 15 6 out of 15 Fig. 14. A poll showing the effect of drinking and/or smoking on their socialization Seemingly, many committed smokers and/or drinkers showed that they gained friends after having learning how to smoke and/or drink. However, there are still some who dont. 24 P a g e LIMITATION AND SIGNIFICANCE Limitation There are certain problems that were encountered in the study. One of which is that the idea that honesty in answering these questionnaires have suffered. The respondents may or may not answer these questionnaires in full honesty.From here, we may have little discrepancies or percentage errors. Significance The significance of this study is for the teenagers to be aware in terms of the effects of smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages on their physiological health. This study can also help the parents of those teenagers to understand more the point of view o f teenagers who are engage to these activities. They can know the cause why teenagers are into smoking and drinking alcoholic beverage. 25 P a g e SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS.Summary and goal The study was able to conduct the research on the prevalence of smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages among senior students of public and private high school. 18% of the students in both public and private schools are engaged in smoking however, there are students in private schools who smoke more than students in public schools. It is concluded that the social status of the students is a common factor since private school students have more access to cigarettes and could afford it than those in public schools.It is also determined that the male students in private schools and the female students in public schools are more prone to the said vice and their main reasons were (1) to experiment (2) peer pressure and (3) imitated from their parents. With regards to their way of smo king, the students general frequency is 1-2 times a week, and they usually smoke either alone or with peers. Most likely they tend to smoke with their peers because it is their way of socialization. The students also perceive that they are also likely to gain friends when they smoke.It is concluded that the perception of the students to what their parent think of them is in-the-trend when they are engaged in smoking. The majority thinks that their parents consider them as cool or sophisticated. Aside from that, the respondents think that their friends refer to smoking in a good way, causing them to also perceive the same judgment. To summarize the above statements, it is evident that the students in their adolescent stage have more desire to please their peers rather than their parents because they want to have a sense of belonging and they want to socialize more with people of the same age group.Peers are the most important relationship in the teenage years. They engage in differen t kinds of activities, and one of those are vices. In this stage, the curiosity level of the person is prominent because he/she is able to perceive different kinds of activities from various types of people. Parents are also a factor because they are the ones who nourish their childs well-being. What they do causes 26 P a g e various impacts on the child, causing him/her to either imitate it or not.The social status of the students also has an effect on their engagement in vices it depends on how well they can afford it and on what terms they could get access. On the other hand, not every student in both public and private high schools is aware that smoking can affect their health condition. 5% of the students are still blindly exposed to the effects of smoking therefore, it is recommended that both kinds of schools should also give the students more friendship and expose them.